• Timescale

    NbS often require significant time to be implemented and to show results, making them less attractive as quick fixes.

  • Real-world Evidence

    There is limited real-world performance data for NbS, with most demonstrations being small-scale trials that lack robust evidence across various contexts.

  • Site-specific Nature

    NbS are inherently connected to the local environment, making it difficult to generalize solutions.

  • Simulation Limitations

    Current climate risk models inadequately represent the capacities of NbS, treating nature as boundary conditions rather than adaptive assets interacting with infrastructure.

  • Integration

    NbS should be integrated as part of the ecosystem, but this integration with existing engineering or grey infrastructure can be cumbersome. Engineering-focused agencies often lack frameworks to jointly evaluate hybrid green-grey adaptations over time.

  • Fragmented Standards

    NbS lack comprehensive standards or metrics, which obstructs the development of robust investment cases.

  • Policy Resistance

    Integrating NbS into mainstream policies and budgets faces institutional resistance.

  • Develop Advanced Methodology

    Create a digitally-enabled methodology to catalog and evaluate NbS.

  • Validate with Real-world Evidence

    Conduct extensive pilot demonstrations to gather robust evidence on the performance of NbS across different contexts.

  • Provide Replication Guidance

    Offer detailed guidance for replicating successful NbS interventions in various regions.

  • Formulate Policy Recommendations

    Current climate risk models inadequately represent the capacities of NbS, treating nature as boundary conditions rather than adaptive assets interacting with infrastructure.

  • Engage Local Communities

    Actively involve local communities and stakeholders in the planning and implementation of NbS.

  • Address Knowledge Gaps

    Fill key knowledge gaps through comprehensive research and data collection.

  • Overcome Institutional Barriers

    Work to reduce institutional resistance and promote the adoption of NbS as a vital climate adaptation strategy.

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